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Dr.-Ing. Tim Schwartz
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Address:
Saarland University
Building E 1 1
, Room 118
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Projects |
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- RENA 2005-01-01 – 2007-12-31
Publications |
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2011
IUI 2011 Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality ( LAMDa )
Gerrit Kahl, Boris Brandherm, Tim Schwartz, Andreas Forsblom, Eyal Dim and Petteri Nurmi
2011 International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
"Geremin'': 2D Microgestures for Drivers Based on Electric Field Sensing
Christoph Endres and Tim Schwartz and Christian Müller
Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011)
2010
UbiSpot – A User Trained Always Best Positioned Engine for Mobile Phones
Tim Schwartz, Christoph Stahl, Christian Müller, Hao Ji, Valentin Dimitrov
Proceedings of Ubiquitous Positioning Indoor Navigation and Location Based Service (UPINLBS 2010), IEEE, ISBN 978-1-4244-7878-1
show abstract
We implemented a positioning engine for mobile phones that can be trained by the users to recognize places as personal landmarks by their wireless communication fingerprint. Our always-best-positioned approach integrates heterogeneous sensor data, such as Bluetooth (BT) device addresses, WLAN MACs, GSM cell ids and GPS coordinates, if available. As an alternative to measuring the signal strength of wireless access points, our positioning engine measures the relative frequency of their appearance and disappearance over time, which closely correlates to their distance. The user can add new places as symbolic names to a hierarchical location model at any time using their mobile phone. For each place, the wireless sensor fingerprint can be trained by the user to define a landmark. Once landmarks have been trained, the positioning engine continuously matches the current sensor profile against the database of learned fingerprints and chooses the most likely place. In case that no BT or WLAN APs are visible, the hierarchical data model can at least derive a higher-level description of the current region based on GSM or GPS as fallback strategy in the sense of being always best positioned. We evaluated the positioning accuracy in our university’s lab environment in terms of hits and misses and investigated the effect of various time window sizes for the frequency measurement of the fingerprint. The symbolic location model can be applied for example to adapt the mobile device to different contexts, e.g. automatically mute the ringtone in meeting rooms, trigger location-dependent rules and events, or disclose the current location to friends.
What if it Suddenly Fails? Behavioural Aspects of Advanced Driver Assistant Systems on the Example of Local Danger Alerts
Angela Mahr, Yujia Cao, Mariet Theune, Tim Schwartz and Christian Müller
19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2010)
Seamless Resource Adaptive Navigation
Tim Schwartz, Christoph Stahl, Jörg Baus, and Wolfgang Wahlster
In: Matthew Crocker and Joerg Siekmann (eds). Resource-Adaptive Cognitive Processes. Cognitive Technologies Series. Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2010, pp. 239-265
Cinematic Analysis of Automotive Personalization
Christoph Endres, Michael Feld, Tim Schwartz and Christian Müller
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Multimodal Interfaces for Automotive Applications (MIAA 2010) in Conjunction with IUI 2010, ISBN 978-1-60558-997-8, ACM
show abstract
Personalization has become an important aspect in the design of cars and the human machine interface (HMI). Successful personalization bears the potential of increasing both safety as well as customer satisfaction. In order to reveal innovative concepts in automotive personalization, we present in this paper a cinematic study -- an analysis of what the movie industry "invented" and what might be worthwhile following up upon in research. Thereby, our notion of personalization is twofold: a) tailoring the car or parts of the car to a specific user (group) and b) the car or parts of the car becoming a persona -- the latter being relevant with respect to current automotive research activities on the "emotional" car. Based on the analysis of popular movies and TV series from the last four decades, we introduce a scheme that describes personalization concepts as imagined (and maybe even anticipated) by film-makers, who's creative drives have not been slowed down by the restraints of feasibility and costs.
2008
A New Approach to Design and Evaluate Ambient Systems for Instrumented Environments
Ralf Jung and Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Environments 2008, July 21- July 22, 2008, Seattle, USA
[BibTeX]
show abstract
In this paper we raise the question whether we can measure
the ambience of a system that is integrated in an existing
environment. This paper describes a new approach for de-
signing and developing ambient systems. Other than the
traditional software development concepts, we concentrate
on the challenges of ambient designs. First, we give a mo-
tivation why it would be interesting to measure ambience
followed by some ideas how it could look like. By trying to
find a formula to rate the “level of ambience”, we identify a
few factors that seem to be important for ambient systems.
We think that having such a formula would be of great help
for developing, designing and comparing different concepts
of systems.
In the second part, we introduce the Ambience Design Cy-
cle which consists of four designing stages that could assist
designers in the developing process. Both parts should be
seen as food for thought of how to design ambient systems.
Three Output Planning Strategies for Use in Context-aware Computing Scenarios
Gerrit Kahl, Rainer Wasinger, Tim Schwartz, and Lübomira Spassova
Proceedings of the AISB 2008 Symposium on Multimodal Output Generation (MOG 2008), April 3 - April 4, 2008, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
[pdf]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
In everyday life, it is useful for mobile devices like cell phones and PDAs to have an understanding of their user's surrounding context. Presentation output planning is one area where such context can be used to optimally adapt information to a user's current situational context. This paper outlines the architecture of a context-aware output planning module, as well as the design and implementation of three output generation strategies: user-define, symmetric multimodal, and context-based output planning. These strategies are responsible for selecting the best suited modalities (e.g. speech, gesture, text), for presenting information to a user situated in a public environment such as a shopping mall.
A central point of this paper is the identification of context with finite resources to obtain a private and/or public output. We show via a wording demonstrator the extent to which such factors can, with readily available technology, be incorporated into a system. The paper also outlines the set of reactions that a system might take when given context information on the user and the environment.
2007
A Location-Adaptive Human-Centered Audio Email Notification Service for Multi-User Environments
Ralf Jung, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of HCI International 2007, July 22-27, 2007, Beijing, P.R. China
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
In this paper, we introduce an application for a discreet notification
of mobile persons in a multi-user environment. In particular we use the current
user position to provide a personalized email notification with non-speech audio
cues embedded in aesthetic background music. The notification is done in a
peripheral way to avoid distraction of other people in the surrounding.
Peripheral Notification With Customized Embedded Audio Cues
Ralf Jung, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD), June 26-29, 2007, Montréal, Canada
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
Peripheral notification services allow users to monitor information
with less distraction of attendees in their surrounding. In the majority
of cases, the information is provided by visual displays that
often have several disadvantages, e.g. the lack of privacy or the
user is locally bounded to the surrounding of the display.
In this paper, we introduce an approach for a discreet notification
of persons in multi-user environments. In particular, we use
the current user position to provide a personalized and locationaware
notification service with non-speech audio cues embedded
in aesthetic background music. Thereby we enriched the music,
and especially the notification audio cues, with functionality to in-
fluence the perception and to control the attention of the listeners.
These functional pieces of music should stay in the peripheral
background to avoid too much attention.
The used ambient soundscapes and the set of corresponding
notification instruments were composed and recorded by ourselves.
The development process including compositional constraints with
respect to auditive perception and emotional effects raised by music
will also be introduced in this paper as well as the nomadic
event notification service which includes our indoor positioning
system for mobile devices.
Here and Now: A User-Adaptive and Location-Aware Task Planner
Christoph Stahl, Dominik Heckmann, Tim Schwartz, Oliver Fickert
International Workshop on Ubiquitous and Decentralized User Modeling (UbiDeUM'2007), pp. 52-63
[pdf]
show abstract
In this paper, we present a ubiquitous location-based task planner
that integrates a to-do list and a schedule/calendar with route knowledge and
adapts both its view and alarms to the user’s current situation. The task planner
is hosted on a web server and can be accessed from everywhere via a mobile
Web terminal, such as a mobile phone or notebook, or a public display
infrastructure which recognizes the user by their Bluetooth-device. Tasks can
be localized by specifying a certain location where the task can be
accomplished, such as an office or a store. Alternatively, a category can be
chosen from an ontology that includes activities like shopping, sports or
traveling by airplane. Since the task planner is likely to include dozens of tasks
for the near future, it is too large to be browsed on the go. Therefore the planner
implements a ‘here-and-now’ view, which adapts to the current time/date and
location of the user. Based on knowledge about the purpose, address and
opening hours of locations and routes, the task planner is able to filter for tasks
that can be accomplished nearby, considering the time to reach the location and
other deadlines. A second feature is an adaptive reminder, which considers the
time that is needed to travel to the specified location of a task.
Auditory Perceptible Landmarks in Mobile Navigation
Jörg Baus, Rainer Wasinger, Ilhan Aslan, Antonio Krüger, Andreas Maier, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of IUI 07 (to appear)
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
show abstract
Normally, mobile pedestrian navigation systems use visually
perceptible landmarks to guide their users through
the environment. In this article we introduce concepts
for the use of auditory perceptible landmarks in route
descriptions. Such auditory perceptible landmarks complement
their visual counterparts and also stand to be
beneficial for certain groups like the visually impaired
and the elderly.
2006
Sharing Sensor Data in Intelligent Environments
Tim Schwartz, Dominik Heckmann, and Jörg Baus
Proceedings of the Workshop on Ubiquitous Knowledge Discovery for Users (UKDU 2006), pages 81 - 88.
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
Instrumented environments are enriched with sensors,senders and computing
devices in order to support intelligent applications for the human-computer
interaction. Because the sensors and senders in the environment can deliver a
large amount of data, these so-called “intelligent environments” form ideal playgrounds
to test the novel idea of ubiquitous knowledge discovery. In this paper
we will describe the sensor architecture and the management software that is installed
in the SUPIE (Saarland University Pervasive Intelligent Environment) for
sharing basic sensor data. As an example application for ubiquitous knowledge
discovery we describe our positioning system that collects data from different
types of senders and that derives the user’s position by fusing all data that can be
helpful for this task.
A Development Cycle for Ambient System Design
Tim Schwartz, Ralf Jung
International Workshop on Modelling and Designing User Assistence in Intelligent Environments (MODIE'06), Espoo, Finland, 2006
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
show abstract
This paper describes a design development cycle for ambient systems. Other than the traditional software development concepts, we concentrate on the challenges of ambient designs. First we introduce the Ambient Development Cycle which consists of four designing stages. By trying to find a formula to rate the ``level of ambience", we identify a few factors that seem to be important for ambient systems. We think that having such a formula would be of great help for developing, designing and comparing different concepts of systems.
Acquisition of Spatial Knowledge in Location Aware Mobile Pedestrian Navigation Systems
Ilhan Aslan, Maximilian Schwalm, Jörg Baus, Antonio Krüger, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of the 8th international Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (Mobile HCI 2006), pages 105 - 108, ACM Press
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
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In this paper we regard the navigation aid provided by mobile navigation systems in a real environment and the effects of these mobile assistants to the development of spatial knowledge. Therefore, we report on a user study concerning the acquisition of spatial knowledge. This study sets up on a former study described by Krüger and colleagues and sheds light on problems concerning the acquisition of survey knowledge while being navigated by a mobile handheld PC.
2005
Calculation of the User-Direction in an Always Best Positioned Mobile Localization System
Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm and Dominik Heckmann
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Systems (AIMS 2005), Salzburg, Austria, 2005
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
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In an Always Best Positioned (ABP) localization system the output of different localization techniques are fused together to get an even better position accuracy. Besides the information about the position of a user, his viewing or walking direction is also important. This paper describes an extension of our mobile APB system that uses RFID tags and infrared beacons. We describe how different direction information – derived from different sensors or calculations – can be fused together with the help of Dynamic Bayesian networks.
Geo Referenced Dynamic Bayesian Networks for User Positioning on Mobile Systems
Boris Brandherm, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Location- and Context-Awareness (LoCA 2005), Munich, Germany, 2005
[ DOWNLOAD NOTE ]
[BibTeX]
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The knowledge of the position of a user is valuable for a broad range of applications in the field of pervasive computing. Different techniques have been developed to cope with the problem of uncertainty, noisy sensors, and sensor fusion.
In this paper we present a method, which is efficient in time- and space-complexity, and that provides a high scalability for in- and outdoor-positioning. The so-called geo referenced dynamic Bayesian networks enable the calculation of a user’s position on his own small hand-held device (e.g., Pocket PC) without a connection to an external server. Thus, privacy issues are considered and completely in the hand of the user.
GUMO - the General User Model Ontology
Dominik Heckmann, Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm, Michael Schmitz and Margeritta von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on User Modeling (UM'2005), Edinburgh, UK, 2005, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, LNAI 3538, pp. 428-432
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[BibTeX]
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We introduce the general user model ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation of distributed user models in intelligent semantic web enriched environments. We discuss design decisions, show the relation to the user model markup language UserML and present the integration of ubiquitous applications with the user model service U2M.
Recognition of Time Pressure via Physiological Sensors: Is the User's Motion a Help or a Hindrance?
Margeritta von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Christian Müller, Anthony Jameson, Boris Brandherm, Tim Schwartz
Proceedings of the Workshop "Adapting the Interaction Style to Affective Factors" (UM'2005), Edinburgh, UK, 2005
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[BibTeX]
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The recognition of a user's internal states via physiological sensors
is sometimes seen as a matter of detecting the direct physiological
correlates of the internal states. This type of detection can be
problematic when a user is moving around, as is often the case with
today's mobile systems. We present a study which illustrates that
detection of internal states is sometimes actually easier when the
subject is moving: The affective state may be associated with overt
behavior that results in detectable changes in the physiological variables.
Decentralized User Modeling with UserML and GUMO
Dominik Heckmann, Tim Schwartz, Boris Brandherm, Alexander Kröner
Proceedings of the Workshop on Decentralized, Agent Based and Social Approaches to User Modelling (DASUM 2005), Edinburgh, Scotland, 2005, pp. 61-65
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[BibTeX]
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We present a new architecture for decentralized user modeling and
briefly discuss the user model markup language USERML, the general user model
ontology GUMO for the uniform interpretation of decentralized user models, and
the integration of ubiquitous applications with the u2m.org user model service.
The motivation is that ubiquitous evaluation of user behavior with a variety of
systems in the web or the physical world might lead to attractive new services.
Using Physiological Signals in a User-Adaptive Personal Assistant
Boris Brandherm, Holger Schultheis, Margeritta von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Tim Schwartz, Michael Schmitz
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII-2005), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2005
[BibTeX]
show abstract
Since psychophysiological signals are continuously available and usually quickly reflect changes of the user’s state, they constitute an important source of information for adaptive assistance systems. Despite their potential benefits however, physiological information is frequently neglected in current adaptive systems. This may—at least partly—be due to the fact that physiological measures cannot be easily used for adaptation. Instead several steps have to be taken to be able to draw on the advantages of physiology. First, each measure has to be evaluated regarding its suitability to distinguish between user states. Second, the exact relationships between physiological measures and states need to be identified. Finally, psychophysiological information has to be integrated over time and with other sources of information. In the scope of the BAIR project all three sub problems have been tackled and the respective solutions have been combined to give a systematic approach for the utilization of physiological information in user-adaptive personal assistance systems.
Navigational- and Shopping Assistance on the Basis of User Interactions in Intelligent Environments
C. Stahl, J. Baus, B. Brandherm, M. Schmitz and T. Schwartz
Proceedings of the IEE International Workshop on Intelligent Environments (IE 2005), University of Essex, Colchester, UK, 2005
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This paper presents an overview about ongoing work in the project REAL, where we have set up the Saarland University Pervasive Instrumented Environment (SUPIE). In particular we introduce the intelligent environment’s architecture, which serves as the basis for different services and applications running in the environment and supporting their users in different tasks. On the basis of this information we outline our user and location-modeling component needed to establish the navigational– and shopping-assistants developed so far. Both assistants support their users with especially customized presentations. These presentations will be automatically scheduled and presented on public displays in the environment, as explained in the remarks about the presentation manager. Finally, we provide a short outlook on planned future work in the project.
Lectures |
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Linking Virtual and Real World through Android Applications
(SS 2011)
Linking Virtual and Real World through Android Applications
(SS 2011)
Advised Student Projects |
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